Impact of cloud computing and associated digital technologies upon global markets, productivity, access to knowledge/resources, and outsourcing.

Global Markets
Cloud computing has expanded global markets by allowing companies to operate on an international scale. Scalable infrastructure reduces costs associated with expansion and allows small enterprises to compete globally. The pay-as-you-go model reduces capital expenditures on IT infrastructure, fosters innovation and increases competition in the market.

Productivity
Cloud computing has enhanced productivity through the use of real-time collaboration and remote working through tools such as Google Workspace and Microsoft 365. Employees can access files and applications from any device, anywhere, which enhances efficiency. Integrated AI and machine learning capabilities automate routine tasks, allowing employees to focus on strategic activities. 

Access to Knowledge/Resources
Cloud computing is creating better access to education and training resources globally. Platforms like Coursera and Khan Academy offer a wide range of courses, allowing more skills and knowledge to be learned. For researchers, cloud platforms provide tools for data storage, processing, and collaboration, accelerating innovation. In addition, the cloud fosters open source communities, providing accessible resources and knowledge.

Outsourcing
Cloud computing has transformed the outsourcing of IT and business processes. Businesses can outsource their IT infrastructure, platform needs, and software requirements to cloud providers through services such as IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS. This allows companies to focus on core competencies while leveraging specialised cloud expertise. In business process outsourcing (BPO), cloud platforms provide secure, scalable environments for functions such as customer service and accounting, and provide access to a global workforce.